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Inanitionic governance*: Governing by hunger

*Inanitionic: Adjective non-existent in the English language that we have invented by construction on the term “inanition” which means “state of exhaustion of the organism caused by lack of food”.
Since the time we observe our leaders, it has appeared to me that their mode of governance has never been defined in a scientific approach devoid of the weight of Western ideas which often, wrapping a philosophical spirit of high flight the concept of governance, prevent the appreciation of its true reality; at least in our developing countries. This justifies this test of an approach to manifest governance, through starvation.
If politics, it was said, is “the Art of compromise”, it is certain that in our countries it is a compromise between bad faith and faith bad. Good faith has rarely penetrated the political space of our rulers, at least not for those who succeeded the fathers of independence.
In order for this theory of governance, that we are going to develop, to take off, certain Western ideas should be put on the “back burner” such as: “the people’s government of the people” or the “right of peoples to dispose of them” themselves or their natural resources “or” human rights, economic, social and cultural rights “etc.
In truth, our rulers pretending to apply them in the framework of “good governance”, use it only as slogans to attract international public aid, acquire special drawing rights as well as donations and subsidies of some international organizations that believe they have become “good students” of their economic ideology.
The reality is different.
Our leaders have long ago found a very subtle way to continue to govern and “sail” the entire international community. They discovered the “vein” of governance built on “the inanitional balance *”. Hitherto, it has never been approached in the economic vision of underdevelopment; it must be defined, theorized and schematized.
I will define the “inanitionic equilibrium” as the point of socio-political stability in which is a people subjected to two contrary forces: hunger and satiety.
This “inanitional balance” is for us the empirical formulation of economic Machiavellianism.
In simple language, “the inanitionic equilibrium” is reached when the citizen (“numerical unit” of a people), caught between the needs of basic subsistence and the acquisition of goods, always insufficient, to ensure his food autonomy, is neutralized politically … through its “momentum” of economic sustenance.
In other words, the inanitionic governance is the set of measures that the rulers take to prevent their people from being well nourished, because it would then be interested in their policy but never starve it to avoid that they rebels.
The postulate is: a people who are not hungry ends up interested in politics but a hungry people eventually revolt.
This problematic, solved by resorting to the “inanitionic governance”, is : How to make so that the people can never eat their hunger so that they devote their daily life in search of their pittance (thus forgetting politics), but they can find just enough food to stay manageable.
It is this balance that our governments are looking for and that keeps them in place.
The “good” inanitionic ruler is one who knows how to make the people approach the starvation threshold while preventing them from crossing it.
To do this, he deploys a politico-economic machinery, punctual actions (salary-drifting enhancement, social benefits, etc.) in which he presents himself as the providential governor (arsonist and firefighter) helped often by national and international financial organizations.
Indeed, how can we explain that the people of countries so rich (in soil and subsoil resources, terrestrial and maritime) languish in misery?
The wealth is often staggering that neither the squandering of the rulers nor the corruption could exhaust and yet the people are often totally deprived. In fact, the rulers in this form of inanitionic governance formulate their Machiavellian economic policy in the sense of this inanitic equilibrium.
If one converts the effort that the citizen devotes to the search for his subsistence and the effort he devotes to political action in time, the relationship between these two magnitudes gives the degree of “success” of inanitionic governance»
By assigning to the first the name of “Time subsistence” and the second “time militancy”, the point of inanitionic equilibrium will be expressed by the ratio:
Militancy time / Subsistence time.
Inanitionic governance is all the more accomplished when the quotient of this ratio tends to 1. His point of balance.
When this ratio, takes negative values, less than 1, (the subsistence time is high) governance enters into crisis. It is the “zone of social instability”, characterized by violence (tensions, riots, revolts etc.)
When the value of this quotient is greater than 1, so positive (the time of militancy is high), it means that the time devoted to the subsistence is reduced to the profit of the time of militancy. Governments are then the focus of the citizen and the demand for their accountability and management is triggered. It is the “zone of social stability” characterized by non-violent but no less oppressive demands on the government (strikes, negotiations, demands, peaceful marches).
So the higher the quotient is, the more the citizen is interested in politics (the time spent on subsistence being reduced) and it is still a threat to the managers practicing mismanagement. The citizen, then interested in politics, will then demand their accountability (report on their management).
To prevent their citizens from entering the first or the second zone, both of which are zones of turbulence for them, the rulers seek to steer their (socio-economic) policy with the exact coordinates of this “point of contact”. ‘balance’. Their salvation and longevity depend on their ability to stay the course towards the point of equilibrium inanition and reach it as quickly as possible.
The point of Inanitionic equilibrium is the way of salvation to their bad governance.
We can schematize this equilibrium point as follows:
The point of Inanitionic equilibrium
Pr ELY Mustapha

EUR 10 billion of annual aid from France to poor countries, while France is poor.

Charity ...

" The Public Aid For Development (PAD) designates the public expenditure for the benefit of developing countries whose main purpose is to promote the economic development and the improvement of living conditions in the countries concerned. "

main tendue

" With nearly EUR 10 billion per year (9,348 million euros in 2011), France is the fourth-largest contributor of global official development assistance (ODA). It is the second largest contributor in percentage of gross national income (GNI), with 0.46 %. "

And yet, "according to the INSEE, France has about 8.6 million poor people, approximately 14 per cent of the population and 20 per cent of children.

During 2000-2009, the poverty rate of all the households has recorded a slight increase: +0.3 %, a trend which continues by the suite, from 7,382,000 poor in 2004 to 8,173,000 in 20094, and to 8,600,000 in 2010.

In 2008, 25 % of the employees earn less than 750 euros per month, and in 2010 there are 3,291,000 poor children in France. (1) "

And yet France allocated 9.348 billion euros to finance other countries. Africa is the first recipient of the French Public Aid For Development (55 %), and in particular the sub-saharan Africa (41 % ).

And yet the sub-saharan Africa does not develop despite this Public Aid in billions of euros! But where are these billions?

If we are to believe the French diplomacy, through its international cooperation, responsible for this aid, France will continue "an ambitious development policy, with objectives redefined. Three priorities will guide its action:

- The economic development of the countries who are in need, with counterpart in the respect of democratic requirements, the strengthening of the rule of law and the promotion of women's rights;

- In the second place, the security, because there can be no security in the duration without development, no development without security ;

- Finally, the preservation of the planet, including climate. " (2)

In the light of these priorities and since the time that France is devoted through the official development assistance we understand the magnitude of the disappointment.

Relatively to the first priority of the aid : If the conditionality that accompanies had to be truly applied, namely "the observance of democratic requirements, the strengthening of the rule of law and the promotion of women's rights", never this aid would have been granted! This aid financed countries with rulers putschists and who trample the human rights if they are not drug traffickers.

As to the "economic development" that the PAD is supposed support, it is a pious hope.

The African countries "benefiting" of this assistance are vegetating yet in the economic under-development and are dominated by regimes whre corruption and the misappropriation of public goods are a government sport.

That it is in the form of support direct or indirect to the public institutions, the aid is, itself, diverted. The national leaders of development projects financed by the PAD, are appointed to tap into the material and financial means for their own account.

The embezzlement of public funds is entered in the public morals. The political and administrative leaders are indeed "appreciated" to the fortune that they have diverted and, thanks to this fortune, they obtain the positions of influence, buy the voters, manipulate the elections and have the "political means" of their election and this thanks to development aid diverted and to funding complacent of international institutions supposedly assisting in the restoration of the "macroeconomic equilibrium".

Could it be considered that, in this area, the official development assistance is, itself, a blockage of development because it leads to the opposite effect to the expectations. It penalizes the "observance of democratic requirements and the strengthening of the rule of law" and continues to support the enslavement of peoples.

Moreover, it is often with this aid that the rulers maintain their peoples" in leaves ". With this help, they "feed", provide the basic needs of their peoples and then neutralize them. Without this PAD, they would have to account for on the management of national resources they are wasting and not serving the people. Because this last one cry very quickly famine and could threaten its corrupted governments.

As to the second priority of development assistance such as advocated by the French diplomacy, namely "security" ( "because there can be no security in the duration without development, and no development without security" ), there is no need to demonstrate its ineffectiveness with regard to what is happening precisely in the Sahelian countries for which this aid is provided since for about ten years.

Insecurity, terrorism, crime, drugs, hostages etc. . The area has never been so dangerous than nowadays. It might be that an important part of this Development Aid either aisle, indirectly, "help" the development of organized crime because those who precisely, in high-rise ,benefit of it are often not recommendable.

Finally with regard to the third priority of the French development aid, including "the preservation of the planet", there is no need to see that the desert is advancing in most Sahelian countries, that "the green belt "erected around the cities with millions of euros has become of the dunes, that rural populations whole rush towns (the aid has penalized their agricultural production and has even replaced it), that the cities of these countries, including the capitals are shanty towns ignored and that the irrational exploitation of natural resources poisoned the countries and their environment

So where will this help?

If one considers the structure of the French official development assistance in 2011, it is presented in the following way:

Composition using bilateral net:

- 37% of the funding of projects

- 16% for technical assistance

- 15% for the debt relief

- 7% in budget Aid

- 25% Other

Sectoral distribution of bilateral (PAD) :

- 16%: Education

- 2% health

- 16% : sustainable development

- 5% : Agriculture

- 12%: Support for growth

- 49%: other Sectors

It is enough to consider these percentages to understand the ineffectiveness of the French PAD. For this let us take an example of one of the countries which benefits of this Aid: Mauritania.

Regime under the dictatorship, 46% of its population lives below the poverty line, 26 per cent of underprivileged people without housing, 90% without foresight or social security, 75% of the unemployed are youth. 85 % of women without employment, 78 per cent of families living in the informal, 75% on international food aid, 90% of wealth in the hands of 5% of the population, 60% of illiterates , 78 for thousand of infant mortality, 0.6 human development index, administration corrupted to 99 %, policies embittered to 100%, officials at 100% indebted, merchants bankers-shysters, senators-traders, representative without an assembly, hospitals real institutes for terminal cases, pharmacies-shops, economy overindebted, deprived areas, police corrupted, army confiscated, students crammed, teachers slighted and miserable, families of divorced, children on the street, beggars in the avenues, imams pro-coup, justice slaved, company hostage, narcotic everywhere, flouted dignity, people trampled on, desert which advance. Stinking neighborhoods, shanty towns to open skies, media purchased, cigarettes daily bread, consciences purchased, petroleum revenues diverted, forged contracts, terrorists disguised, private public markets , public treasury looted…illegal parliament, elections flouted.3.5 Million inhabitants of poor in Mauritania in an under-developed country and yet the French APD launched the Roosters crow!

But it must be said that, curiously, Mauritania, with its 3.5 million poor is less to complain about because it receives a Public Aid to development of France which account, itself, a little less than 9 million poor people!

Curious isn't it? EUR 10 billion annually from french assistance to the countries under-developed then that France throws its workers to the street by closing of the industrial complex integers, that she suffers from huge deficits in its social systems then that with its 10 billion euros it could resolve its difficulties including social (including unemployment).

It is true as, it was said, that the rooster is the only animal that sings with the tabs in the mud. Charity begins with oneself.

That said, the author of this article knows that the Public Aid is intended not only to "assist" the poor countries but that it concretizes the strategy politico-economic of France and its "outreach" economic, industrial and cultural to the international scale.

But that is worth a Public Aid to development if it inoculates child against polio and gives him a chance to survive but who dies in the guerrillas with weapons supplied by France or its Western allies through its strategic alliances?

But that is worth a public development aid, if there is help and not development and if poverty is growing in France and in the countries it assists?

That is worth the development aid if, by return of investment, it's the western companies which benefit from the contracts for the purchase of goods and services that are launched in the framework of the "development projects" thanks to the public aid to development?

That is worth the public aid to development, if it is for the benefit to corrupted regimes in African countries which divert it, directly or indirectly, with all impunity. The donor is he not unaware of that situation?

That is worth a public development aid, supposed strengthening the radiance of France abroad then that of French and other "sans-papiers"(undocumented) sleep under bridges?

The wisdom, (not the one on the policy, which in France has more, taken in its ambitions electoralist) imposes to reinvest at least a part of the official development assistance in France to help those that are being laid off to tower of arm and which were closed the places of work ,(factories and companies of various sectors).

know that some economists picky, will endeavor to find in these remarks a rationality non-cartesian and invoke that the injection of the financial means of the aid to the development in the French economy would be a source of aggravation of inflation, either widespread increase of price and therefore an imbalance of macro-economic aggregates. They would prefer say yes to the IMF and nyet to the poor.

Other will think that my reasoning of national of the third-world is sadomasochistic and that it is to cut the grass under the feet of countries that need the help.

Certainly, the developing countries have a need for official development assistance but NOT that which continued to strengthen the misery and the despots. Certainly, the vaccine of a child, the hope of tomorrow is a priceless gift but would he survive to despotism and the conflicts triggered of regimes supported by that assistance and which send them to death, for bad causes

In the question of the public aid had development beyond the large economic theories and "jousting" annihilates-intellectuals, of the radiation of the nations and their ulterior interests, there is only one thing that counts: it is the suffering of peoples.

Whether you're suffering in sensitive urban areas in France (or the unemployment and its derivative, the banditry, murdering) or in the streets of Goma in RD Congo(where the misery and its derivative: the guerrillas,, murdering), the human suffering is identical.

Then with its EUR 10 billion of annual, French official development assistance , to the international, is a stab in the water, at least for those whom it is intended. Its redeployment is an emergency not in its level but in its procedures for granting that it does not reinforce to despotic regimes and countries poorly governed in the name of "radiation" of France.

Otherwise, the Public Aid of France must go to the poor of France. Is it, not more wise to employ an unemployed person at home that make live a despot among the others. It is a matter of survival of each other.

Pr ELY Mustapha

Footnotes

[ 1] http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/pauvret%c3%a9_en_france#cite_note-2

[ 2] http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/enjeux-internationaux/aide-au-developpement-et/dispositifs-et-enjeux-de-l-aide-au/l-aide-publiq

The formulas which are destroying the world

 

imagesSince the "weapons of mass destruction", which  have justified the invasion of Iraq and the execution of Saddam Hussein and who have never been found, it is to the search for other ways to invade other countries in the Middle East and elsewhere, strategy requires.

The United States have beautiful scrape since 2001, no valid formula has yet been found allowing the destruction of a country.

It must be said that the other Malin who was blowing in the ears of Bush son, the formulas destructive  is "out of the office": Mr. Donald Rumsfeld. The same people who said  : " There are a lot of people who linked and get away with it, and that's just a fact."

Also in the meantime to find the correct formula which will trigger their attacks, the American leaders have invented a colorful concept: the red line!

And so all the radars secret and non-secret, the satellites and the drones are seeking to find a "red line" somewhere.

Today it is the turn of Syria. And the formula is any found: "chemical weapons, red line". And hop! Deployment of the armada in the Mediterranean and beyond, squats of all military airports of allied countries (often in spite of themselves) under the gaze hagard of the American taxpayer who track his money steal in shells!

But what does it matter, it is the formula "preposterous" that account! And for the find the NSA, the CIA, the DOD etc. is not sufficient, it must call trigger a "verbose"  media supported a talkfest military and put them all in the mouth of a President who will, solemnly pronounced, in a formula shock. And the turn is played. And this even if the said Pray has had strong misgivings about its capacity to understand what he is doing. Thus, in respect of his own book  Georges W. Bush said: "I have written a book. This will come as quite a shock to some. They didn't think I could read, much less write"

In fact the American foreign policy is nothing other than a alchemy which distills formulas whose only result is not to understand but to create explosions. The essential thing is to try the formula to the image of the "thinking" of Colin Powell:

"You don't know what you can get away with until you try".Then to find out how one kills goes to war!

You'll be well in tense of corpses but this is part of the alchemy, following the formula of Donald Rumsfeld : "Death  has a tendency' to encourage a depressing view of war . " Just depressing, non-deterrent!

And for the Americans a war that is in fact the opportunity to test their alchemy.

Then to invade a country nothing better than to find the "formula" ideal which will gather around the idea of using violence. This has become even a art in the disinformation and which could be defined in the following way: "find a fair formula that can make fear to those who without the be are predisposed to become following the doctoring of violence they have suffered". A formula which makes "tilt" and who would put the aggressor in the right to attack.

George W. Bush proudly clarion call was: "Every nation in every region now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists".

Although not created institutionally, there is well a large department of belligerent formulas. There is  compoed by the adviser to the President, the heads of department of Defense and the heads of agencies of the internal and external security.

It is very likely that the formula shock , the most sought after currently at meetings of the American President,  is well known.” Who has a formula-shock to attack Syria?

Saddam had the "weapons of mass destruction", Bechar has gas. But did he use it? Regardless, Saddam had "weapons of mass destruction", he does not more employed.

What is essential is the formula, not that of the gas, that one of the President.

Pr ELY Mustapha

The ingredients of a revolt from the inside



 
I-Tunisian revolution from the inside: the day the Jasmine flowers in winter. 
 
Jasmine spreads its fragrant flowers in spring and ending the beautiful fragrant nights of Tunisia during the hot summer nights. And yet the jasmine flowers, a winter time for a revolution. The “revolt of Jasmin”, like Jasmine has taken root in its soil. The ingredients of the revolt Tunisian only be explained by what happened to his land: the Tunisian society.

i) The situation in Tunisia before January 14, 2011 
 
The situation prior to this date has been spread by all the world’s media. A dictator, a corrupt ruling family, a police, a confiscation of freedoms. Image “classic” very well known in Tunisia. An image currents Tunisian opposition at home and abroad and several organizations of human rights conveyed in many years. It is this image which today in the media and other media around the world is used to explain “the revolution of Jasmin.” But it is really an imperfect image of what really led to the “Tunisian spring.”
Indeed, the roots of the rebellion lie in several factors it would be wrong to reduce exclusively political or economic justification. The reasons are much deeper than that and are rooted in social concerns that only an internal analysis can illuminate.
First economically justify the economic situation as the root of the revolt would be a paradox if one considers the economic performance of Tunisia in recent decades. The Global Report 2010-2011 Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Global has ranked the Tunisian economy in terms of global competitiveness in the global ranking 32nd out of 139 countries (report available here)
“Tunisia retains the lead in North Africa, up eight places to fill in the 32nd place (out of 139 countries). The country is effectively . Government institutions remain its main strength, with a high level of security (14th) and an education system which ensures good quality of education (22nd) and this despite the fact that enrollment in institutions of secondary education and universities are quite weak, respectively (53rd and 69th place in the CGI).
At the same time, Tunisia has a domestic market of goods and services relatively efficiently. Despite the crisis, the country has improved its macroeconomic stability since the last evaluation. Inflation has been reduced and the savings rate increased while the budget deficit remained stable at about 3 percent. And while public debt has increased, it remains manageable. This result is commendable in light of the recent deterioration in global macroeconomic stability during the recession. “(Report 2010-2011 World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness, Geneva. Switzerland. 2010).
How then to explain such a revolt in an economically stable country run by competent technocrats who defied economic stability by the recent global financial crisis that has struck down the major industrialized countries (including USA)
So the answer is to look elsewhere. We can not find her through “image-shots” be they economic or political one country but in what has become an entire vision of a country’s development. A vision that has accused a “deviation” which was already beginning to emerge from the eighties.
This deviation was illustrated by the promotion of a society of consumerism. And this through a banking system that led to household debt (1), lower-level university education leading to a fall in the level of training of young graduates (2) flowing in a labor market demanding and subject to a monopoly of families and lobbies (3).
The combination of these latent factors was the powder keg to which the political factors mentioned above were fired.

1) household indebtedness: over-consumption and commercial lobbying

Economically it all began in the early eighties when the banking system has developed under the leadership of governments imbued with a rampant liberalization of banking and financial system, an all-out credit policy. Households rushed to a flowering of forms of credit that banks put at their disposal to onerous conditions reported at their repayment capacity. A catch-all called “consumer credit”, the main and complementary (which ranged over tens of years), ranging from home loans, credit education credit through the car and the uncountable “money for personal reasons” and were often at the entrances and other “recommendations” personal.
Household debt would increase further with the arrival in the Tunisian market of four sources of consumption: computers, internet, telecommunications and supermarkets.
Already over-indebted by years of home loans that could not cover their property investment due to the boom of construction materials in the 2000s, the Tunisian became increasingly indebted to the banking system to the tune of extensions and other additional credits that principal and interest are paid salaries. All public sector employees, the State being the largest employer in Tunisia were often indebted to three-quarters of their salary despite legislation restricting the direct debit on wages for the repayment of loans.
In this debt because of a home loan in the long run, the Tunisians were seen trapped in the “car for everyone”. Advocated by the policy as to provide economic means for their movement, the concept of “the car for all” covered it a true alliance between the lobbies of car dealers in Tunisia and the Tunisian banks. These cars give credit to households who commanded necessarily the car at the dealership and that the bank pays the latter’s price “mortgaging” the wages of the household. The buyer could not discuss the price of the car, let alone negotiate the various interest and other fees that the bank will deduct a monthly salary, which must be domiciled with her.
But the plight of households did not stop there. In fact the cars were delivered by dealers of manufacturing and quality very reprehensible. As noted in the Tunisian their own cars were delivered to “third choice”, of poor quality both in their mechanical in structure and finish. Hence an additional investment in spare parts, engines and other accessories from the first month of release of the vehicle. The cars delivered by dealers that brand were manufactured in some European countries (Spain, ex-Eastern) and especially for consumption and other African nations had neither the consumer nor the institutional means policies to defend against domestic lobbies (including car dealers) and their Western. Tunisia and consumer protection, although supposed to have an organization, has never excelled in this area.
Caught up in a car bought at high prices (despite the easing of policy “4″ horses for the middle class, quickly diverted to benefit high-income households) on bank loan, used in the first months of use and subject to disbursement permanent spare parts which are also the real monopoly companies lobbies of spare parts and other car accessories, the Tunisian way to let all his income.
During the 2000s, came the “wave” of computerization and again accused of Household Spending a major hit through the “lending” bank for the purchase of computer and other consumables that through the channels of commerce monopolized overwhelmed the market. The famous bank loan for the computer to “1000″ dinars was even heavier by the introduction of the internet where subscriptions often ridiculous speeds (64Kb) sold were very expensive by one or two suppliers that had dictated the market and their law.
Then came what was really on their knees to households: the cost of telecommunications. Indeed, the introduction of mobile phones has had such a “boom” in Tunisia everyone into debt to acquire its mobile (personal loan, bank loan), for example the Nokia 2005 (known as the “3310 “), now considered an antique was sold, with subscriptions by the first mobile operator to 770 dinars (equivalent to 600 U.S. dollars) through a bank loan
But the debt would become exponentially with the staggering increase of “mobile park” in Tunisia. Child, adolescent, adult, each strutted with a laptop if not two or three laptops prelude “dual chip” that would still be costly for both scholarships.
But the tool itself does not predict that the visible part of the iceberg. It was then the “prepaid” or households left much of their income. The “portable” had become so indispensable that it represented a financial burden greater than the household spend on other items of expenditure (health , culture, leisure etc.).. The weight of the load due to telecommunications increased daily, the impoverished household.
The final blow came in late, with the installation in Tunisia super stores. Hypermarkets (Carrefour, Champion, Giant …)
Long confined to the supply with the shopkeeper in the area and small areas, the Tunisians were all at once rushed to the supermarkets who did all of a sudden appeared. Some remember the huge rush to the supermarket popular “Crossroads”, the first opening day, which presaged the bulimic behavior of consumers.
Indeed, from a supply circuit and supplies to the extent of these means in price and quality offered by the shopkeeper in the area and the small area, the Tunisian consumer has been in a frantic race to the consumption. Consumption strongly encouraged by the government (through bank loans, bank overdrafts to households), for the media and advertising and the sales and supermarkets which offered a thousand forms of consumer credit. Such a deployment of energy through the promotion of installment sales, which had certainly taken off in the early 80′s including the furnishing of homes, had reached the last five top highlights the fact that the “owners” of hypermarkets were other members of the ruling family. And while a pumping system of household resources was established. And this leads to over-indebtedness of households. A debt that would be one of the major ingredients in preparing social unrest at the base of the revolt in Tunisia.
Households with three-quarters of their income confiscated by the banks or vendors installment had entered a state of latent crisis. And so much more than any policy of the Tunisian government has come to find solution to the indebtedness of households like what happened in France (eg The law Neiertz of 1989 and Law Borloo, in 2003 and recently Law No. 2010-737 of 1 July 2010 to reform the Consumer Credit)
On the other hand, companies leasing subsidiaries of banks had over-indebted companies, particularly new and young entrepreneurs who have financed their activities and their equipment on leasing. Hence their precarious economic situation. The public system of contracts and orders have been locked in favor of a “handful of individuals’ and companies gravitating to the bosom of power, the new promoters were struggling to gain market share.
Faced with an authoritarian regime with strong interests in banks, in supermarkets and other channels of production and distribution, the Tunisian debt is submitted to all the dictates and commercial banking. And this led to an explosive situation but silent. The impact on the life of the household would seriously suffer.
While suffering the effects of the high cost of living, household Tunisian lived his “crisis” internal. This crisis resulted in a “denial” to a life of fulfillment for a race to self-sufficiency in material mortgage. So everything was subject to uncertainty. The household for lack of means of sacrifice and foremost on what allowed him to “blow”. Spending on culture and recreation expenses were no longer part of its budget. This renunciation was done at the expense of its own internal and external balance. Internally, the overheating in the family relationship was coupled, externally, uncertainty about the future. The continued growth of litigation in the courts was the most immediate expression.

2) A rebellious youth: devaluation, unemployment and coercion
 
Households lacking resources, could not provide the most long-term studies for their children who themselves felt the futility of it cope with rising unemployment.
The first who had to suffer the economic situation of households and firms was therefore youth. Yet the state continued free education in all public sectors of education from primary to tertiary. He had developed a system of “microcredit” for the benefit of young entrepreneurs through a bank of solidarity and encouraged technology centers.
However, the effort by the state, found himself absorbed by the very specific situation which confronted the youth. Neither the free education or micro-financing or development of technology centers could compensate for the lack of a vision for the youth that was sorely lacking at the state and explains the current unemployment of young people was the spark of what happened, the famous January 14.
In addition to the above factors, youth unemployment is due to several factors that have been dormant but are crucial.

Devaluation degrees 
 
The first of these is the decline in the level of training to higher education. So the university has spilled on the labor market of young “graduates” whose training was inadequate. Recruiting companies already dropper, looking for strong skills and qualifications not only their opened their doors for good reason.
This “devaluation” of the training that began in the late ninety is due to two factors. The first is institutional and the second is “ministerial”.
Institutionally and in front of the rapidly growing number of students, the state embarked on a policy of setting up schools, colleges and institutes all-out without taking into account the quality or the future future graduates. The system dumped on the market thousands of graduates in all disciplines leading to a “devaluation” of qualifications to recruiters who were trying to set conditions of employment requires the highest qualifications for positions that do not require.
At the institutions themselves, the teachers, not following the influx of students, was overwhelmed and the quality of education is greatly affected at all university levels. The third cycle had become real gas plants, and teachers did not know where to turn to guide the thousands of research. Hence briefs and arguments that are made hastily and that looked like readback of “cut and paste” from web pages to scientific work. Many teachers lack motivation have given up and are no longer only confirm the situation.

Success rate of 99% 
 
“Ministerial,” the political left “rotting” the situation through the recent ministers of higher education that have exploited higher education in a Career Vision and maintaining them at their posts. The education policy of the state had become a way of perpetuating some ministers at the expense of the interests of the nation.
Thus, one of the ministers who had distinguished himself in the writing of several books praising the all-out qualities of the ousted president, had striven, during his presence at the head of the Ministry of Higher Education, to believe the former president, Ben Ali, the success rate in higher education was approximately 99%
And this minister doing anything to prove this percentage through the “performances” of his department did not hesitate to influence the presidents and heads of educational institutions to “recover” the maximum number of students by examination boards. This is also reflected by a “lax” wanted in relation to the granting of grades by teachers who were under the influence of heads of agencies appointed by the Minister for that purpose. Indeed, the appointment of deans of institutions and obeyed this criterion of allegiance to the policy of 99% success.
Higher education pâtissait already declining at the secondary level where overzealous teachers subject to the policy of their department gave the tray historical notes such as the famous 20/20 philosophy, which granted the press “official “was proudly echoes.
This results in a catastrophic situation for the quality of teaching and the value of diplomas. Integer promotions, graduates in this way were dropped on the labor market, with a background far below expectations. The teachers themselves have to suffer because these graduates “back in higher education as teachers and perpetuate mediocrity” academic “and notoriously criticized. The selection boards of different grades of higher education were themselves themselves subject to this policy influence, complacency and mediocrity. So much so in fact that many candidates in these contests (assistantships, project management assistant and mastery conference) could no longer stand for these competitions because of their customization and their lack of independence.
So for over a decade or so, higher education, in particular, has suffered the damaging effects of this “policy” is not for nothing in graduate unemployment and their inability to find work with to Business selective and oriented competition. The state has curiously understood this, and tried through some administration including vocational training and employment of the unemployment level by running the famous formations “2121″ of wanting to give graduates unemployed an “additional training” to enable them to find work. In addition it has a large number of disabled graduates and added to their material deprivation, this policy has produced results far below expectations. Indeed, this training that lasted a few weeks only added an extra layer and did not solve the unemployment problem. They even perversion graduates saw himself as the beneficiary formed in areas that brought him there now and that are sometimes at odds with his basic training. And graduates in natural sciences are trained in information technology and communication or management so on. And that was just “stagnate” contingents of unemployed in the hallway of unemployment and in which new graduates more and more engulfed.
Graduate unemployment is not simply a matter of absorption by the labor market, or lack of micro-credit, but a matter of skill and scientific training that the educational institution has failed to deliver during these recent years because of “political” career led by ministers who have succeeded in recent years at the head of the department of higher education and scientific research.
The government develops a policy of employment-oriented classic while boosting the company so they hired (tax relief for businesses, premiums for employment, permanent contracts etc.). By the scientific training and qualification of the graduates do not realize the “gap” that has opened between job requirements and skills.
The situation was then that entire households found themselves indebted to the material and financial support of educated youth who, at the end of the course should provide them economic support, alas, mortgaged by unemployment.
This situation is already feeling the household “workers” of the great cities of the north (with revenues hypothecated but certainly stable, paid employment and part of the middle class) would undermine the towns and villages across the country where families whole living with limited resources rely heavily on the support of their children throughout their schooling. And they become graduates were caught in the poverty of their families and the lack of a job they can support themselves. But what further aggravated the situation was still the lack of future prospects for young people who not only did not see things improve but was a spectator in order to plunder the resources of the country, a ruling family that the help of police coercion to counteract any reaction to his crime.
It is therefore clear that if the revolt was born in a town within the country that is not the result of a chance, it is within the country that the system has done the most damage.


3) monopoly and siphoning: Economy of bondage 
 
When looking at financial flows bank devoted to the consumption we see that these flows had two characteristics. They are more concerned northern cities, but more importantly, they deprived the rest of the country of funding.
Banks had parasitized the circuit wage public. Indeed, virtually all state officials, regardless of rank or function, had contracted loans from the banking system. The salaries of public officials of the state is stable and fixed term was a real “gold mine” for banks that were paying them with blows of interests and commissions gradually depleting debt.
Indeed, credit car had a handicap, because the car (“third choice”, see above ) would grab the early months of additional spending and devalue over time, she mortgaged along the bank of the borrower’s income.
The mortgage was no less a handicap, since borrowers receive loans for the construction hit a standstill in the construction of habitats often oversized in relation to their housing need if not caught in the midst of the exponential growth of materials construction and labor. Then the vicious cycle of requests for “additional funds” and the waltz of “foreclosures” incurred by the banks for repayment and the disputes never ended.
As to credit studies, disappointment due to youth unemployment added to the discomfort of households went into debt for an uncertain future. This situation is more worse in deprived areas and rural areas where families had high expectations of solarization of their children as economic support.

Frustration 
 
The banking system has contributed to “enslavement” of Tunisia. And policy loans to households that took off in the eighties helped to bring the “Tunisian” in the chain of consumption and the mortgaged property.
Political power promoting the use of credit and encouraging the banking system has probably had (at first) will “of equipment and housing” households, but this has led a very cynical servitude of the household and its retention in the chains of dependence that would dictate the behavior of the Tunisian up by force and fear. Machiavellian attitude that the government did not say his name but why the Tunisian against any injustice he has suffered has remained “silent”.
Here’s how.
Tunisian medium cities (archetype of the Tunisian society active) mainly occupied positions and public and private employment in public administration and business. It was therefore the “kingpin” of a middle class that would be put in chains of debt. And the head of household had a monthly basis the number of drafts (checks or collateral) to pay on its borrowings that would enforce the bank’s wages. And he knows that Tunisian law protects an extremely rigorous interests of the bank. Thus the non-payment of bills simply drove to the confiscation of property acquired (car, house, equipment) and its auction. And the banks did their work thoroughly bailiffs notaries. The formal notice, the notice of nonpayment were all at the expense of the borrower. And a network of Usher was accredited banks to do so. But with bills to pay added the widespread practice of “check guarantee” that the law forbade yet but that all businesses selling on credit not only accepted but required of the borrower. This caused the issuer to deposit checks, was totally thank you to the lender. As a means of payment for the NSF is severely repressed by Tunisian law, which also devotes a whole section of its penal provisions.
Thus over-indebted, with the end of each month a sword of Damocles hanging over his head, while Tunisia was captured to its drafts and checks are paid. Otherwise it is the confiscation by the bank provided all that he has acquired in installments. His house, his car and its equipment. And this trauma caused the Tunisian-based cost-that is costing his salary would submit to the constraints of its service to avoid losing their jobs or benefits associated with them. Some are making very small, others being forgotten and the majority deal with this dependence was silent. Dumb not to lose his salary. But was it just the salary? This was the life of the household.
Indeed, the courts are full of cases of broken families because of the “bankruptcy” of the household head but also the confiscation of property acquired in installments. The banks sold auction habitats difficult by families built or acquired great sacrifice on their income. Both the justice that the police were contributing to this situation.

Pr ELY Mustapha 

A day of a Terrorist

Are you ready to take what belongs to you, with God’s help?” 


Twenty-five years of misery contained buried in his unconscious arose and took by storm the ramparts of his last conscious fatalistic. 

This morning, when he painfully pulled himself out of the semblance of a rag that served him as a mattress on the floor of the tin shack that was sheltering him, he, his two younger brothers and sisters and their mother, he still had aches and pains the day before and the indescribable bitter taste that haunted his mouth. He mechanically turned his eyes away from the members of his little family huddled together to escape the cold. They occupied, pitiful, the small patched mat of the corner least exposed to the wind that shook the house.

He got up as usual at the muezzin's first call. Dawn was already dawning and he began to curse his miserable condition and the thought that kept him awake late into the night. The little stingy arm that protruded from the skin cover that covered his little family attracted his attention. He gently took it back under the blanket and felt, suddenly, a dull revolt rising to his throat. How can he bear the misery of his own? How, during all his sleepless nights, he had rehearsed what his little brother had told him: "Big brother, I'm hungry, I want something to eat ... I have only eaten a little bread since this morning and you left a long time and you did not bring us anything. "

He had promised to come out to get some food. He wiped away the tears that rose in the younger brother's eyes. He knew, however, that he was still coming back empty-handed when he fell asleep.
That night, he had come out, but he had gone to the mosque. It was for him, in poverty, a refuge where, on an empty stomach, he began to meditate and to implore the benefits of God.

That evening, he met a newcomer, a new character he did not know among the regulars of the mosque. He greeted the attendants as he entered the mosque, and then sat down in the corner and waited for the Imam to arrive to begin the dusk prayer.

His appearance, like that of all the regulars of the mosque of this very poor district, thrown on the outskirts of the city, made one see his condition. Shredded clothes and sandals a thousand times patched..

He felt that someone was looking at him, he turned around and saw the newcomer who was staring intently at him and who invited him to join him on the wide prayer rug he had unfurled. He joined him not without some apprehensions. Newcomers were rare, as was everything in this mosque. As far back as he can remember, the most recent object was the fasting calendar of the month of Ramadan of the year 1420 AH, which was graciously sent by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs and now yellowed defiant wall, like the wide plates of painted paintings, the universal attraction.

He greeted the person who invited him and sat next to him. A silence was made which was immediately interrupted by his host. "Thank you for joining me, I just arrived here and I do not know anyone yet and I see, to your knowledge of the place, that you are a regular at this mosque." He did not understand how he could be useful to him and asked about it.
The character held him almost this language: "My brother, I seek to know people of faith who are in solidarity to change this society. We are victims of this corrupt society and we must take what belongs to us, with the help of God. "
The words of this unexpected "preacher" echoed in his ears like a gong. An alarm that was triggered.

How could he explain that? It was like a buried aspiration that has just been revealed by the words of this stranger. He was not accustomed to this kind of speech, but rather to that of resignation, in which every act that was done was painful in the hereafter. In this world, all the culprits will be punished by God when the time comes. To seek revenge by oneself is a disbelief and exposes to the worst divine sanctions. That's what he always learned. And yet, he had heard that the law of retaliation existed in Islam ... He prided himself on curiosity and engaged in dialogue:

- Dear preacher "what belongs to us" and who does not belong to God? And whoever touches what belongs to God will suffer the wrath in the hereafter. We humans have nothing.
- My brother, everything belongs to God, it's true, including ourselves. However, we are the guardians here below. And we must ensure its preservation and fair distribution. We must account for it to God. But what do we notice? Unbelievers do what they want while real Muslims like you, are deprived of what is yours.
- But God will punish them ...
"Certainly, and his punishment will not be the same, but it is not exclusive of the punishment of men. Does not God have in his holy Koran the rules and the penalties of the guilty and the criminals?
- Certainly …
- So he has left men well, the power to make their own justice. And so each of us must do justice, because each of us is an indefectible member of the foundation of Muslim society.
- Each of us must do justice? But it's the business of the state ...
- You see what the state has become. A place where corruption, theft of your property is not even punished. It means that the state is helpless and you with it, if you do not react and do not take what belongs to you with the help of God.

If "you do not take what belongs to you with the help of God," that sentence still resonated in his brain ... He did not understand it too well yet, but it was like an answer to something that had been bothering him for a long time and who was carpeted in his deepest misery. And all at once the image of his little brother, whose face was wet with tears, who was trying to fall asleep, stabbed by hunger, came to his memory:

-          "But," he said, "I have nothing. My father suddenly left home leaving three children, of whom I am, on the arms of my poor mother, who fought to feed us ... I have nothing.
- But if, brother, you have everything, but they took everything ...
- Who they " ?
- Look around you, they are everywhere. And you see them every day. But, he does not see you ...
- They do not see me? How is it possible ?
- For them you do not exist.

He understood more and more badly. What does this "preacher" mean to him? He was about to get up, when he held him by the sleeve and asked him to sit down again.

-   Did not God say, "The true believers are those whose hearts shudder when one mentions Allah? And when His verses are recited to them, it increases their faith. And they place their trust in their Lord. "?
- Certainly, he told him ...
- Then I saw in your eyes the light of the true believer. You are sensitive to what is happening to you, but you want to react that you can not.
- How do you know ?
- Your difficult condition shows that you would like to change it. And you will be able to do it because you are a godly man ... God said: "Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day do not ask you permission when it comes to fighting by sacrificing their property and their person. And Allah knows the gods well. "
- I have no property and my person is entirely dedicated to the quest for food for my family. And, besides, what would my person be worth in this thing that you say that one must fight and that is beyond comprehension?

- Everyone can fight at their level and by their own means ...
- And if I devote myself to this fight, who will take care of my family?
-          God will provide for it, because he did not create a creature without providing him with the means of his pittance.
- Certainly my friend, but for my family, it is through me that he ensures ...
- And if you disappeared who would you believe will provide for the pittance of your family?
- I can not say it but God is omniscient. He is the only one to know the future.
- Each of us on a mission on earth and no one can say when it starts and when it ends ... Are you ready to finish it?
- I do not understand…
- Are you ready to give your family everything they want in exchange for your disappearance?
- Be clearer please.
- Are you ready to take what belongs to you, with the help of God?
- But I do not ask anything except to support my family.
- To sacrifice yourself for her?
- Certainly.
- We propose to become a martyr to sacrifice you for the good cause ...
- Sacrifice for the good cause?
- Yes, jihad, the fight for the triumph and glory of God.
- And who will take care of my family?
- Reassure yourself, in exchange, we offer you enough to make live all your family for all the life ...
- Who? You?
- We are a group of people dedicated to Jihad. We seek eternal peace in paradise by offering our lives for the glory of God. Are you ready to join us?

He remained silent for a moment before answering, as if he perceived with greater clarity what the "preacher" wanted ...

- I'll think about it. He said. And he got up.
His host did not hold him back. And he left the mosque. He had not taken a few steps outside that he remembered that he had to provide dinner for his little family. He hurried to the butcher's tankard, hoping to find him to beg for a few portions of meat and weigh down his credit. Credit of which he does not know, for a long time, the amount. But the butcher was not at the rendezvous. "Butcher closed because of economic offense", he could read on the front of the butcher shop.

He was not alone in misfortune. But neither the grocer nor the fishmonger wanted to hear reason in the face of his grievances. He had already harassed them so much that he knew in advance the infinitesimal chance of pitying them. Only one passer-by, affected by his fate, gave him a little money with which he bought a small bottle of milk. So it was empty pockets and hands clutching this little bottle of milk, that he regained the house that sheltered his poor family. As usual, all slept. Only his little brother was waiting for him with haggard eyes, chilled with cold. He was so hungry that spasms shook all his limbs ... He took him in his arms, covered him with a piece of his worn overcoat, and made him drink in small sips, the contents of the small bottle of milk. He cradled him to sleep, then he put him under the blanket of skin that was already covering the rest of his family.

He had not finished this gesture that a sentence suddenly sounded in his ears: "Are you ready to take what belongs to you, with the help of God? ". Sudden words that emerged from his unconscious ... He held his head in his hands and rushed out of the house ...

Twenty-five years of contained misery, buried in his unconscious, rushed up and stormed the last ramparts of his fatalistic consciousness.

Yes, "fatalistic," he was. Every unfortunate event that happened to him met with a stoicism that was rewarded in the afterlife. Why then complain or defend? God will punish them all. An eternal punishment that consoles well of that of a life so short. And yet, will the punishment in the hereafter abate her sufferings here below? And why do not those who do so wrong to him and so much misery suffer the sanction of men in this world?“

"Are you ready to take what belongs to you, with the help of God? It was still this phrase which did not leave him when, after having lapped slowly in the neighborhood, gnawing his brakes, he went back to bed in the depths of his hut.

This morning, when early, he came out of his miserable shelter, the preacher was waiting for him at the door. He begged him to come in, but he did not want to. He knew what he wanted: "Are you ready to take what belongs to you, with the help of God? ". He nodded. The "preacher" handed him a package, which he deposited with his sleeping little family. And followed by a slight step the character.

When awakened by the first rays of sunlight that filtered from the roof of the house, the mother of the little family unpacked the curious package at her feet, she found money. "Where could it come from," she said to herself. I will ask my son when he returns from the mosque. "

The mother waited all day. All evening. All week ... all life. Her eldest never came back.
Nobody ever knew the truth about the disappearance of the eldest son of this poor family who still lives in the slums. No one except a preacher who came one evening to a mosque where he met, a left-out of a corrupt society and who was still in spite of his misery, a being who believed that his sacrifice could change things ....

And every evening the little brother's arm slipped out of the narrow blanket that covered the little family, and could not find anyone to bring it back.

"Are you ready to take what belongs to you, with the help of God? ".

Pr ELY Mustapha